Human Resource Management An Organization Essay

Human resource Management is very important in every organization. It satisfies the needs of man power and creates an atmosphere where all employees can work together to achieve the goals of an organization. HRM role is to plan how to recruit right people and give experienced and well trained workforce to organization. It makes plans for training and development of human resource in an organization. The main functions of Human Resource Management in an organization are given below: 1. Recruitment 2. Training and Development 3. Professional Development 4. Benefits and Compensation 5. Ensuring Legal Compliance Role and importance of human resources Human Resources (HR) is concerned with the issues of managing people in the organisation. The Human Resources department is responsible for many people related issues in an organisation. Human Resources Management occur daily in workplaces.HR acts as a systematizing , policing, traumatizing body of an organization.. They also see HR staff as supporting managers, not regular employees. A decent HR office is requesting to a representative arranged work environment in which workers are empowered and locked in. HR acts as a backbone of an organization. The importance of HR is easily overlooked in the busy day-to-day in the workplace, but without contributions in each of these areas, the organization would be less successful. Human resources management in Operational contexts: In operational Context,HRM staff members are top levelShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource Management : The Management Of An Organization1250 Words   |  5 PagesHuman resource management is the management of an organization to build and maintain the relation between the employee and the organization in order to meet business objectives and employee expectations. The process of hiring and developing employees so that they become more valuable to the organization. Human resource management is the governance of an organization s employee. HRM is sometimes referred to simply as human resource. HRM is the process of recruitment, selection of employee, providingRead MoreHuman Resource Management : The Management Of An Organization980 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resource Management Overview Human Resource Management is the management of an organization’s employees. When a company designates a Human Resource (HR) department, those in HR are the ones responsible for overseeing the well-being of personnel in the workplace, and focus on how to attract, hire, train, motivate, and maintain employees of the organization. (DeCenzo, Robbins, Verhulst, 2013, p4). According to David S. Bright from the Raj Soin College of Business at Wright State UniversityRead MoreHuman Resource Management And An Organization Essay1140 Words   |  5 PagesHuman resource management is a tool in an organization, which focuses on the recruitment, management, and giving direction to the people who work in the organization. Human resource management is a vital component, which deals with issues concerned with people. Such issues include, hiring, performance management, developmental issues, safety, staff welfare, benefits and staff motivation. An organization cannot create a group of profess ional working staff without better human resources (Stewart, Read MoreHuman Resource Management : An Organization1420 Words   |  6 PagesHuman resource management is a term that is often used loosely and is assumed to be common sense, but the people behind good human resource teams know that those accusations are simply not true. HRM is all about how to manage people in the most effective manner in order to produce the best outcome for the company. HRM has many fascists, including recruitment of employees, initial training, hiring, advising employees, developing job descriptions, providing ongoing training to all employees, developingRead MoreHuman Resource Management : An Organization3527 Words   |  15 PagesHUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: Introduction: Human resource management is the all about of recruitment, employee’s selection, providing necessary training and skill development, assessment of employees, and all other factors related to the employees in organization. Human: refers to the skilled and unskilled workforce in the organization Resource: refers to limited availability of scarce Management: refers to the process of coordination of human resource in organization to get the best results is calledRead MoreHuman Resource Management At An Organization1488 Words   |  6 PagesAs a human resource manager, there is a duty to manage workforce productivity. This adds on to the normal workload and responsibility of a human resource manager but is needed for optimizing the return on investment for the organizations’ labor expense. When looking at any organizations’ human resource department the main purpose is its effectiveness both in staff and in business. In order to be effective, most human resource managers first must develop an effective professional. That begins withRead MoreHuman Resource Management : An Organization1524 Words   |  7 Pagestougher competition, Human Resource Management has taken on roles that have intermeshed them with the company as a strategic partner rather than just an individualized operating type system focused on simp le tasks. Critical to a corporation’s growth and success is their ability to gain a competitive edge. Superior Human Resource Management assists the organizations fulfill its goals and attain success. This paper will outline why it is essential for Human Resource Management to transform beyond itsRead MoreHuman Resource Management : An Organization Essay1418 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Resource Management As competition increases around the world, leading companies in every business category have recognized that having a quality workforce can help the company gain a competitive advantage in the market. Many companies have started hiring people irrespective of their race, sex, religion, nationality etc. The critical thing for any company is to understand and use potential of their workforce. Building and managing top-quality workforce is not as easy as it may seem. In orderRead MoreHuman Resource Management : An Organization Essay3485 Words   |  14 PagesAbstract Human resource management plays an intricate role to at every company. The human resource profession has grown rapidly throughout the years creating multiple departments which specialize in specific areas. Categorized as a large corporation, Nestle Purina Petcare Company utilizes all functions of HR management. Having an organized and developed HR team allows the company to function and develop efficiently. There are seven main functions in which human resource management can be categorizedRead MoreHuman Resource Management : An Organization910 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to Greer, Youngblood, and Gray (1999), it appears that in today’s business environment, one might argue that human resource management (HR) departments are being questioned to change what is described as their bureaucratic culture and to be customer –oriented, and provide outstanding service. Thus, in order to accomplish this, one might argue that it requires outsourcing in combination with an internal HR focus on a particular organization’s core competencies, particularly when it means

Adolf Hitler - World War II - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 760 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/06/18 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Adolf Hitler Essay World War 2 Essay Did you like this example? In the world War II Adolf Hitler was the horror able killing leader and greatest racist man in the World. He is also known as a bad man for world history because he turned into world war. The reason he killed people of their thought or what they believe in his country in Germany. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Adolf Hitler World War II" essay for you Create order He was keep going emphasis his ideology called Nazi Ideology all over world. Attacking small country like Poland, Austria and doing same thing again. Adolf Hitler was born on 1889 in Branau in a small Austrian town and his father was retired a state customs official. Hes most of his childhood he spent on Austria. After his dad died in 1903 he began struggling in school and finally dropped out and keeps going fulfill his dream of being an artist but he got rejected from Viennas Academy of fine Arts. Five years later his mother died Hitler moved to Vienna and living painting scenery and selling the images and increase his interest in politics and developing his many ideas that would Nazi Ideology. In 1913, Adolf Hitler joint in battle during the war when World War I broke down and he was great warrior that he won two decorations of bravery which wore his life. For instance, he was wounded twice his life during the war first one hit was in his leg when he was Battle of the Somme and other one in 1918 temporarily blinded by a British Gas attack. In late 1918, Hitler returned to the military and assigned to spy on political parties he found a party which was the German Workers Party. After enrolling this party later on he made it a largest political party in the Germany and become well-known Nazi Party. In 1921he become a strong leader of the Nazi Party and bring down the German Republic and lake himself the dictator on Germany. After getting the power he abolished the freedom of speech and ordered the murder who did not agree with his ideology specially for the Jews people, first started cut all benefit they were getting than stop allowing to do any kinds of business as well as financial support from bank. Day by day It dictatorship on Jews people was getting harder and harder during the time they were struggling and could not get any jobs because of theirs believes. In 1935 September made a law which German Blood and Honor was passed which banned the intermarrying of German and Jews. The Reich Citizenship Law decreed that all Jews, No Matter What percentage, were no longer Citizen of their own country that means they had no basic civil Rights such as vote. Banning children going to normal school and banned all professional jobs, education, higher education and industry almost all sector. Adolf Hitler started holocaust which is increasing the power like discriminatory treatment of the Jews. Only the Jews people are suffering that but also Gypsies, Homosexuals, Jehovahs and disabled for persecution. Around 11 million people were killed during the holocaust and 6 million were Jews. Moreover, He started Concentration camps which become Adolf Hitler largest Na zi concentration and death camps the name was Auschwitz. It was a horrible murder like telling them going to works and need to take shower in large room but it was killed system many people together by gas. The reason of using that gas was killed quickly and once everybody in the room was dead special prisoners task was remove those bodies into crematoria. It was the world horrific camps in the history which made by Adolf Hitler. There are some staff he did those people early 1940s, during the WWII such as Medical Experiments which was the large number of prisoners by Nazi concentration camps. Tropically the medical experiment result was dead or permanent disability and disfigurement. After that his indented was to control outside like Austria, Poland, Norway and Demark. Controlling those countries brought the World War II. Over the two years fighting alliance with Italy, and Japan, Austria moved to Czechoslovakia when Adolf Hitler signed non- aggression pact with Soviet Union finally Britain and France to declare war on Germany. When Japa nese attacked American military and destroy American Ships like fleet Pearl Harbor attack on Dec 7, 1941. Four days later United States declaration war on Japan Empire, but Nazi Germany declares war on United States. When USA entered the world against Japan and Germany in 1945 was the end of his dictatorship in Germany. When USA and Russian army together attacked against Adolf Hitler main city he committed suicide by shooting himself on April 30 in Berlin bunker.

What Are Geothermal Pools or Hot Lakes

Geothermal pools can be found on every continent, including Antarctica. A geothermal pool, also known as a hot lake, occurs when groundwater is geothermally heated by the earths crust. These unique and spectacular features are home to a plethora of species found nowhere else in the world. In addition, geothermal pools provide a cornucopia of ecosystem goods and services such as energy, a source of hot water, health benefits, thermostable enzymes, tourism sites, and even concert venues. Dominicas Boiling Lake Philip Dumas/Getty Images   The small island nation of Dominica houses the worlds second largest geothermal pool, aptly named Boiling Lake. This hot lake is actually a flooded fumarole, an opening in the Earths crust that often emits steam and noxious gases. Boiling Lake is accessible only by foot in an arduous four-mile one-way hike through the Valley of Desolation in Dominicas Morne Trois Pitons National Park. The Valley of Desolation is the graveyard of a formerly lush and verdant tropical rainforest. Due to an 1880 volcanic eruption, the ecosystem of the valley has changed dramatically and is now described by visitors as a lunar or Martian landscape. The fauna and flora found in the Valley of Desolation are limited to grasses, mosses, bromeliads, lizards, cockroaches, flies, and ants. The distribution of species is very meager, as to be expected in this extremely volcanic marginal environment. This lake is a gargantuan 280 feet by 250 feet (85m by 75m), and it measured to be approximately 30 to 50 feet (10 to 15m) deep. The lakes waters are described as grayish-blue and keep a relatively stable temperature range of 180 to 197 °F (approximately 82 to 92 °C) at the waters edge. The temperature in the center of the lake, where the water is most actively boiling, has never been measured due to safety concerns. Visitors are warned to be mindful of the slippery rocks and steep slope leading to the lake. Like many other geothermal pools all over the world, Boiling Lake is a huge tourist attraction. Dominica specializes in ecotourism, making it a perfect home for the Boiling Lake. Despite its physically and emotionally grueling hike, Boiling Lake is the second most recommended tourist attraction in Dominica and  is just one example of the strange power that geothermal pools have to attract visitors from all over the world.​ Icelands Blue Lagoon Cavan Images/Getty Images The Blue Lagoon is another geothermal pool renowned for attracting visitors from all over the world. Located in southwestern Iceland, the Blue Lagoon geothermal spa is one of Icelands top tourist destinations.  This luxury spa is also occasionally used as a unique concert venue, for example for Icelands famous weeklong music festival, Iceland Airwaves. The Blue Lagoon is fed from the water output of a nearby geothermal power plant. First, superheated water at a scorching 460 °F (240 °C) is drilled from approximately 220 yards (200 meters) beneath the Earths surface, providing a source of sustainable energy and hot water to the citizens of Iceland. After exiting the power plant, the water is still too hot to touch so it is then is mixed with cold water to bring the temperature to a comfortable 99 to 102 °F (37 to 39 °C), just above body temperature. These milky blue waters are naturally rich in algae and minerals, such as silica and sulfur. Bathing in these inviting waters are said to have health benefits such as cleaning, exfoliating, and nourishing ones skin, and are particularly good for those afflicted with certain skin diseases. Wyomings Grand Prismatic Pool Ignacio Palacios/Getty Images This visually stunning hot spring is the largest geothermal pool in the United States and the third largest in the world. Located in the Midway Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park, the Grand Prismatic Pool is over 120 feet deep and has a diameter of approximately 370 feet. In addition, this pool expels an immense volume of 560 gallons of mineral-rich water every minute. This grandiose name refers to the uncanny and magnificent bands of bright colors organized into an immense rainbow radiating from the center of this gargantuan pool. This jaw-dropping array is the product of microbial mats. Microbial mats are multilayer biofilms made up of billions of microorganisms, such as archaea and bacteria, and the slimy excretions and filaments that they produce to hold the biofilm together. Different species are different colors based on their photosynthetic properties. The center of the spring is too hot to support life and is therefore sterile and a beautiful shade of dark blue due to the depth and purity of the lake water. Microorganisms that are able to live in the extreme temperatures, such as those in the Grand Prismatic Pool, are a source of heat-tolerant enzymes used in an extremely important microbiological analysis technique called Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). PCR is used to make thousands to millions of copies of DNA. PCR has innumerable applications including disease diagnosis, genetic counseling, cloning research for both living and extinct animals, DNA identification of criminals, pharmaceutical research, and even paternity testing. PCR, thanks to organisms found in hot lakes, has truly changed the face of microbiology and the quality of life for humans in general. Geothermal pools are found throughout the world in the form of natural hot springs, flooded fumaroles, or artificially fed pools. These unique geologic features are often mineral-rich and house unique temperature resistant microbes. These hot lakes are extremely important for humans and provide a swath of ecosystem goods and services, such as tourist attractions, health benefits, sustainable energy, a source of hot water, and probably most importantly, a source of thermostable enzymes that enable the use of PCR as a microbiological analysis technique. Geothermal pools are a natural wonder that has affected the lives of humans around the world, regardless of whether one has personally visited a geothermal pool or not.

Essay on Biography of Alexander Hamilton - 1054 Words

Biography of Alexander Hamilton Summary Alexander Hamilton was most likely born on January 11, 1757, although the exact year of his birth is unknown. Hamilton was born on the Caribbean island of Nevis or St. Kitts to Rachel Fawcett and James Hamilton, but he spent the majority of his youth on the island of St. Croix. His formal education as a child was minimal. When his mother died in 1768, Hamilton took his†¦show more content†¦Hamilton spent four years as Washingtons attachà © and participated in several battles, including the Battle of Yorktown and the Battle of Monmouth. Hamilton left the military in 1781. He had recently married Betsey Schuyler, and worked diligently for several months to pass the New York bar exam. Hamilton served as one of New Yorks most prominent lawyers in the early 1780s, and also began his political career, serving first as a national tax agent, and then as one of New Yorks representatives at the national Congress in Philadelphia. In 1786, Hamilton was chosen to represent New York state at a national convention held in Annapolis, Maryland, to amend the Articles of Confederation. When only a few of the delegates from the other states bothered to attend, Hamilton called for a second convention to be held in Philadelphia in 1787. This time, the delegates took the invitation more seriously, and created the outline for a new government by drafting the Constitution. Although Hamilton attended most of the proceedings at the 1787 Philadelphia Convention, he did not actually participate much in the drafting of the new document. Hamilton argued that a new and stronger central government was needed to correct the mistakes made in the government outlined in the Articles of Confederation, butShow MoreRelatedAlexander Hamilton: A Biography672 Words   |  3 PagesAlexander Hamilton Alexander Hamiltons humble beginnings gave little hint of the greatness to come for the future soldier, economist, first United States Secretary of the Treasury, politician, renowned constitutional lawyer and Founding Father. Hamilton was born a British subject on the island of Nevis, West Indies on January 11th in either 1755 or 1757. Hamiltons childhood was difficult, as business failures caused his fathers bankruptcy, and may have played a role the fathers abandoning hisRead MoreRon Chernow ´s Biography of Alexander Hamilton1215 Words   |  5 PagesAlexander Hamilton, a son, a student, a writer, a hero. To sum up all of Hamilton’s mammoth triumphs would be quite the task, but that is exactly what Ron Chernow does in his biography entitled, â€Å"Alexander Hamilton.† Published by The Penguin Press, â€Å"Alexander Hamilton,† is an incredible biography that goes through the life of Alexander Hamilton in chronological order. Chernow is successful in his effor t to go deeper into the life of Hamilton by studying not only Hamilton’s life but also the livesRead MoreAlexander Hamilton Character Analysis1267 Words   |  6 Pagesdeserve it. Despite being considered one of America’s most influential founding fathers, Alexander Hamilton’s character could never compete with his political status. Alexander Hamilton has been made into an inspiration that he doesn’t deserve to be, being portrayed as the exact opposite of what he stood for in a recent resurgence of praise for him sparked in particular by the world-renowned musical Hamilton. Although he may be receiving this praise, his character is undeniably horrid due to manyRead MoreThe Philosophies of Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson Essay916 Words   |  4 Pageslone men, Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson. Both fought aggressively for a government based on their ideas, and both did make portions of the now-standing American government. This essay will outline the political, social and economic philosophies of both men, how their philosophies influenced the government today, and a closing opinion. Politics The political standings of Hamilton and Jefferson were the foundation and beginning of their lifelong arguments and disagreements. Hamilton was theRead MoreAlexander Hamilton : The First Secretary Of The United States950 Words   |  4 PagesAlexander Hamilton was born on the Island of Nevis around the 1500s the exact date is unknown. Hamilton was married to Elizabeth Schuyler in 1780 and had family with her. He was a delegated to the constitution Convention and major author of the Federalist paper, he was the first Secretary of Treasure of the United States from 1789-1795. He was well known as a Political Scientist, Government Official, Journalist, Military Leader, Economist and a lawyer. He was George Washington assistant in 1788,Read MoreAlexander Hamilton1051 Words   |  5 Pagesduel with Vice President Aaron Burr. Alexander Hamiltons earlier career as a Continental Army officer is less well known. Yet Hamiltons first experience in public service is important, not only becaus e it was the springboard to his later career, but because it also deeply influenced his values and thinking† (Hamilton). Alexander Hamilton was born as a British subject on the island of Nevis in the West Indies on the 11th of January 1755. His father, James Hamilton -- Scottish merchant of St. ChristopherRead MoreEssay about Alexander Hamilton and the Formation of American Government992 Words   |  4 PagesAlexander Hamilton and the Formation of American Government In the United States during the late 18th century, the American Colonies were struggling with their identity. The Revolutionary War had won Americans their collective freedom, but the best way to exercise it was the subject of much debate. One American, Alexander Hamilton, felt a need for a common, strong economic and political base for the states. This ideology stemmed from both his boyhood on the Island of St. Croix, and trying eventsRead MoreThe Influence Of Sexuality In Music844 Words   |  4 Pagesshould be expressed in music. The song not only tells the story of a famous affair in history, but it also encompasses different stylistic genres that add texture to the meaning of the lyrics. Lin- Manuel Miranda, the actor and composer of Hamilton, uses rap to convey the situation and his emotion â€Å"in the act.† Cephas Jones, the actress behind Maria Reynolds, uses a rhythm and blues style. With the impact of both of these put together, as well as the powerful ensemble, it helps to createRead MoreFounding Brothers : The Revolutionary Generation Essay1261 Words   |  6 PagesEllis, American historian and novelist has written many awards winning novels. One of his most recognized, â€Å"American Sphinx†, winner many prestigious awards such as the National Book Award for Non-Fiction in 1997, and the Ambassador Book Award for Biography in 1998. His Pulitzer Prize winning novel, â€Å"Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation†, talks about the founding fathers’ interactions with each other in the decades that followed the Constitutional Convention of 1787. During the times afterRead MoreAlexander Hamilton Stephens and George Bush1743 Words   |  7 PagesAlexander Hamilton Stephens and George Bush â€Å"A little, slim, pale-faced, consumptive man just concluded the very best speech of an hour’s length I ever heard.† So said Congressman Abraham Lincoln about Alexander Hamilton Stephens.1 Stephens was born near Crawfordsville, Georgia on February 11, 1812. His mother died shortly after his birth and his father died when Stephens was only 14. Even in childhood he was amazingly bright and his brilliant mind was noticed by many mentors who

Native American Cultural Assimilation Free Essays

Native American Cultural Assimilation from the Colonial Period to the Progressive October 2, 2011 Introduction Although the first European settlers in America could not have survived without their assistance, it was not long before the Native Americans were viewed as a problem population. They were an obstacle to the expansion plans of the colonial government and the same to the newly formed United States. The Native Americans were dealt with in various ways. We will write a custom essay sample on Native American Cultural Assimilation or any similar topic only for you Order Now During expansion some were outright exterminated through war while others forcibly made to relocate to lands deemed less than ideal. The idea was to make them vanish – out of sight, out of mind. Though their numbers in terms of population and tribal groups dwindled, they persisted and continued to be a problem in the eyes of the federal government. In the latter part of the nineteenth century the United States government instituted a new way to wage war against the Native Americans. This involved assimilating their children through government-run boarding and day schools. Federal policy-makers were sure that by giving the Native American children an American-style education, they would eventually evolve into â€Å"Americans† and return to their reservations, but forsaking their previous culture, traditions and way of thinking. The federal government assumed that as the aged died off and, with the children assimilated, within a few generations at most, there would be no need for reservations or Indian policy, thus accomplishing the original goal of making them vanish. There is little doubt that assimilation through education failed on almost all fronts, but through my research I hope to uncover some positives for the Native American children, especially those affected by late nineteenth century Indian policy which removed them from their families and, in some cases, sent them into an alien world hundreds of miles away. Throughout the history of, especially, European imperialism, â€Å"the relationships between indigenous peoples and colonizers usually proceed through a series of phases. Generally speaking, the first phase involved the establishment of colonies which meant the disruption of Native societies and usually the displacement of people. In most cases, there was some degree of violence and if complete domination was not swift, treaties were drawn up by â€Å"resetting territorial boundaries in order to maintain a degree of order. † Because resource and land acquisition was the main goal of the colonizers in the first place, treatie s seldom lasted and violence continued. In most cases, the next phase in colonialism to lessen violence and restore order was to try assimilation. Assimilation could mean turning the indigenous population into a work force or perhaps a marginalized group of ‘others’ who speak the colonizers language†¦Ã¢â‚¬ [1] As colonial expansion kept growing in North America, assimilation was attempted on several levels. Attempts were made at outright Native American removal from their lands and, when that did not work, religion was probably the most widespread â€Å"weapon† of the colonizers to subdue the Natives. Priests, Catholic and Protestant, (usually backed by an armed force) were more often than not unsuccessful in their attempts to force civilization on the Natives. 2] Assimilation by this means was further complicated because of competing religions. Natives who embraced Catholicism offered by French or Spanish colonizers further distanced themselves from Britis h colonizers and vice versa. European wars of the 17th and 18th centuries between Catholic and Protestant powers carried over into the North American colonies and the Native Americans were situated in a no-win situation. As a result of victories in these wars, not only did 1. Holm, Tom. The Great Confusion in Indian Affairs. pp. 1-2. 2. Findling and Thackeray, eds. Events that Changed America in the Seventeenth Century. p. 72. the British resent Native Americans who fought against them in the wars, they crept deeper into Native American territory until their defeat in the American Revolution. [3] Now, what had been colonial expansion in America turned into national expansion of the newly created United States. As the eighteenth-century came to a close and the major players in expansion had changed, policy toward Native Americans stayed essentially the same it had been under the British. Early in the nineteenth-century and the Louisiana Purchase in hand,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (Thomas) Jefferson, much as he struggled with the issue (Indian policy), could simply not envision a future for the United States that included a place for ‘Indians as Indians. ’ As president, Jefferson tried to design an Indian policy that would humanely assimilate Native Americans into the new republic, but his vision of national expansion turned out not to have any room for Native Americans. [4] Those who refused or resisted assimilation would be forcibly pushed westward to lands deemed unfit for anything by most Americans. [5] As expansion increased further West, the Native Americans faced another subtle weapon in addition to religion from the government in its attempt to subdue them – American-style education. Years of violence, forced removal to Indian Territory and forced religious indoctrination had failed to solve what the federal government referred to as â€Å"the Indian problem. [6] the Native Americans may not have flourished in their new land, but they survived and would not go away. As a result, American policy shifted from trying to vanquish the Indians to trying to make them vanish. Starting as an experiment in the early nineteenth-century and continuing until it became 3. Hightower-Langston, Donna. Native American World. p. 365. 4. Conn, Steven. History’s Shadow. p. 3. 5. Garrison, Tim Alan. The Legal Ideology of Removal. p. 7. 6. Ninkovich, Frank. Global Dawn. p. 185. olicy in the last quarter of the century, new Indian policy would be to extinguish Native American cultures through an American-style education of the young. The thinking was, educate the Native American children to American culture to assimilate them and, for the time being, contend with the adults on reservations. The idea behind this was, after a few generations, the adults would die off and the new generations of American educated, assimilated â€Å"citizens† would survive, but not their old cultures and ways of life. The balance of this paper will focus on the assimilation through education policy. â€Å"In 1794 the nation made its first Indian treaty specifically mentioning education, and many more treaties would contain similar offers and even demands for compulsory schooling of tribal children. In 1819 Congress provided a specific ‘civilization fund’ of $10,000 for the ‘uplift’ of Indians, and the assimilationist campaign continued to employ legislation, treaty making (until 1871), and other expedients to achieve its goals. Initially the United States government through its office/ Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), depended upon Christian missionary societies, but by the later nineteenth century the government dominated the educational effort, having established a loose system of hundreds of day schools, on-reservation boarding schools, and off-reservation boarding schools, BIA and missionary schools together to Christianize, ‘civilize’, and Americanize Indian children: the rigidly ethnocentric curriculum aimed to strip them of tribal cultures, languages, and spiritual concepts and turn them into ‘cultural brokers’ who would carry the new order back to their own peoples. †[7] 7. Coleman, Michael C. American Indians, the Irish, and Government Schooling. pp. 1-2. The idea of targeting Native American children for ’civilization training’ actually began in the seventeenth-century in New England where Native children were separated from their families and situated in â€Å"praying towns. † A Christian education was aimed at the children â€Å"because they (the colonists) believed (Native American) adults were too set in their ways to become Christianized. †[8] From this early attempt at assimilation through education, Native American education developed into fairly formal on-reservation schools run by churches and missionary societies, with limited funding by Congress. These schools were made possible after such actions as the Indian Removal Act which concentrated Native Americans in Indian territories and under somewhat more control of the federal government. These mostly denominational schools offered the only American-style, limited as it was, education until after the American Civil War. â€Å"†¦ after the conflict (Civil War) the nation developed the Peace Policy, an approach that gave schools a renewed prominence. The carnage of the war encouraged reformers to find new ways to deal with Native nations other than warfare. †[9] Under this peace, the federal government was to provide the necessary funding for â€Å"schools, administrators, and teachers. †[10] There was some funding for the policy by Congress, but not nearly enough. With limited funding, day schools were established on reservations. One-room schools were the norm where â€Å"government officials encouraged a curriculum of academic and vocational subjects, and sometimes the Office of Indian Affairs paid a reservation carpenter, farmer, or blacksmith to offer courses. †[11] 8. Keller, Ruether, eds. Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America. pp. 97-8. 9. Trafzer, Keller and Sisquoc, eds. Boarding School Blues. p. 11. 10. ibid. p. 11. 11. ibid. p. 12. About the same time these one-room schools were being established, Commissioner of Indian Affairs Edward P. Smith submitted his annual report favoring boarding schools over day schools. In his report â€Å"Smith stated that the use of English and the elimination of Native languages was the key to assimilation and civilization. †[12] In a plan for national system of Indian schools (October 18890 sent to the Secretary of the Interior, a successor of Smith’s, Thomas J. Morgan, offered the following: When we speak of the education of the Indians, we mean that comprehensive system of training and instruction which will convert them into American citizens, put within their reach the blessings which the rest of us enjoy, and enable them to compete successfully with the white man on his own ground and with his own methods. Education is to be the medium through which the rising generation of Indians are to be brought into fraternal and harmonious relationship with their white fellow citizens, and with them enjoy the sweets of refined homes, the delight of social intercourse, the emoluments of commerce and trade, the advantages of travel, together with the pleasures that come from literature, science, and philosophy, and the solace and stimulus afforded by a true religion. [13] Carlisle Indian Industrial School Ten years prior to Commissioner Morgan’s report, Richard Henry Pratt, a former United States Army officer who had commanded a unit of African American â€Å"Buffalo Soldiers† and 12. Trafzer, Keller and Sisquoc, eds. Boarding School Blues. p. 12. 13. Prucha, Francis Paul. Documents of United States Indian Policy. p. 177. Indian scouts in Indian Territory following the Civil War, began his own quest of assimilation through education. In 1879, he â€Å"secured the permission of the Secretary of the Interior, Carl Shurz, and Secretary of the War Department McCrary to use a deserted military base as the site of his school. †[14] Using this site in Pennsylvania, he felt that he could take Native American children from the reservations and by distancing them from tribal influences, turn them into Americans. With the site secured and community support behind him, the next step was to recruit students. He headed to the Dakota Territory where he was tasked to bring back Native American children to Carlisle. Aided by a teacher/interpreter, Pratt was able to bring back the first class of 82 students. Unfortunately, when he got back to Pennsylvania, necessary basic living supplies previously promised to them by the Bureau of Indian Affairs were not to be found. â€Å"The children slept on the floor in blankets. †[15] In time, some funding was secured privately from â€Å"former abolitionists and Quakers who were eager to be involved in his success and who often visited the school. † Using his military background, the school (for both boys and girls) was modeled after a military academy. Instilling discipline and a sense of â€Å"time† was important to Pratt if he was to make progress with the children and, as one of his former teachers commented on the children, â€Å"they have been systematically taught self-repression. †[16] Although that first recruiting class consisted of only 82 students, by the time the school was at full operating capacity (the school survived 39 years), enrollment averaged 1000 students. [17] 14. Landis, Barbara. â€Å"Carlisle Indian Industrial School History. † http://home. epix. net/~ Landis/histry. html 15. ibid. 16. ibid. 17. ibid. Other Indian Schools Similar types of federal Indian boarding schools were located in the West. They may have been physically closer to reservations, but had the same ideals and philosophy of Carlisle. With military-type discipline, children were ‘encouraged’ to leave their Native American culture behind and accept Americanization. One of the best known of these schools, the Haskell Indian Institute, was located in Lawrence , Kansas. [18] It differed from most Indian schools in the East in that, after a few years (and graduates) it, like other western Indian schools began to staff itself with former students in teacher and, in some cases, administrative roles. [19] Another Native American school of note was the Flandreau Indian School, opened in 1893 in eastern South Dakota primarily for Ojibwe and Dakota students in its early years. [20] Like Haskell, its main function was industrial education for boys and domestic science for girls. No matter which school the children attended, Carlisle, Haskell, or Flandreau, there were common problems faced by the children: â€Å"initiation (into the white man’s universe), discipline, and punishment, along with overall problems – and achievements – of pupil adjustment. †[[21] Some children absolutely resisted Americanization – a favorite form of resistance was arson and those who, at least on the face of it, accepted â€Å"the white man’s ways† were often subjected to rejection by their peers or elders or suspicion by non-Indians. 18. Warren, Kim Cary. The Quest for Citizenship. p. 15. 19. ibid. p. 15. 20. Child, Brenda J. Boarding School Seasons. p. 7. 21. Coleman, Michael C. American Indians, the Irish, and Government Schooling. p. 8. Conclusion Throughout my research there was a common theme in the sources I used – one group trying to impose its will on another. I realize that most of this paper has seemed like an indictment against, first, the European colonizers, then the European-American expansionists and, finally, the Americans in their treatment of Native American peoples, despite what may have seemed, at least some of the time, noble intentions. Sobeit. Actions by Native Americans against non-Native Americans have almost always been reactionary. Throughout history this was evident. In early colonial America, fighting between the French and English (initially in Europe and other parts of the world) spilled over into North America ‘to the contested margins of their empires. Native Americans in league with the French initiated what became King William’s War when they helped massacre British settlers of Schenectady, New York, on February 9, 1690. [22] The Native American motive for participating proba bly was not to see further expansion of French territory into Native American land, but more likely a response to years of violence committed by the British toward them. Moving ahead a couple of centuries, it seemed like the united States government still held to the mindset that â€Å"the only good Indian is a dead Indian,’ not necessarily dead in a physical sense, but dead in a cultural sense. Continued expansion westward was problematic for the federal government because every time there was another â€Å"push†, there always seemed to be Native Americans in its way. Violence in many forms against the Native Americans to try to vanquish them had little success, so new policy, though experimental at first, was implemented in the nineteenth-century and gained support of so-called reformers. The new 22. Bobrick, Benson. Angel in the Whirlwind. pp. 18-19 policy was designed, not to vanquish the Native Americans, but make them vanish. To make them vanish, again not so much physically, but culturally, the federal government adopted policies demanding assimilation. This assimilation would be accomplished by educating the Native American young in a way that would â€Å"Americanize† them. After their Americanization the young would take their training either back to the reservation or mainstream America, leaving their Indian culture behind, thus making the Indian culture gradually vanish. To this end, â€Å"the federal government began its boarding school program for Native Americans during the late nineteenth-century as part of a crusade by a coalition of reformers who aimed to assimilate Native Americans into dominant Anglo-Protestant society through education. With a fervor that was partly evangelical and partly militaristic, the creators of the boarding school system hoped that through education, they could bring about a mass cultural conversion by waging war upon Native American identities and cultural memories. †[23] The negatives of the new Native American assimilation/education program far outweighed the positives. The Native American children were cast into what was essentially a whole new world very alien to them. One seemingly small example of this change was the wearing of shoes. Some children had never worn shoes in their lives, but were suddenly forced to wear them. The children were disciplined harshly for speaking anything but English in the schools; harassed by peers, reservation elders and, sometimes, suspicious non-American Indians depending on the degree they accepted assimilation; taught trades and skills that were becoming obsolete; and, probably worst of all, so psychologically confused, many were later unable to function on the reservation or in the white man’s world. 23. Bloom, John. To Show What an Indian Can Do. p. xii On the positive side of boarding schools, many children were removed from situations of abject poverty and given room and board. The food and living arrangements were totally foreign to them, but it was better than they had previously known. Moving the children from the reservations also kept them quarantined from the disease prevalent there. One of the benefits of completing their boarding school experience was that many graduates later began to staff the schools, especially in the West, somewhat lessening â€Å"white† influence and the school’s ability (and will) to make cultures and ways completely disappear, a positive for the Native Americans, but a prime example of the failure of the schools to carry out federal policy. Though most of the education the children was rudimentary, at best, but in some cases students embraced learning and took their education to the next level. They went on to more formal schools and used their training and education back on the reservations to become leaders with a better understanding of the Native American/American relationship, while others infiltrated local, territorial, state or federal Indian agencies once manned only by white bureaucrats, most who were ignorant when it came to dealing with Native American problems. Assimilation had failed as a governmental policy and, as more and more educated Native Americans left the reservations and adapted to the white world, while retaining fundamental culture and ways, and was replaced by acculturation. Acculturation was not a federal policy, it describes a necessary survival tool used by the Native American to preserve what little was left of their cultures and ways of life. Instead of their educations making them subservient to their master (the federal government), education allowed those Native Americans with the desire and wit to attain respect. Gaining this respect from both their own people, as well as the â€Å"white’ American people took time, but with it came, little by little, more agency and the ability, right and courage to have a say in how their lives were to play out. As bad a reputation as they have had in the past and even to this day, the fact that reservations still exist shows the unwillingness of some Native Americans to let their traditions die. The popularity of Indian art, jewelry and music serves to keep the cultures going. Just as the early settlers of the West found out, they are everywhere, though in decreasing numbers, and will not go away. Works Cited 1. Bloom, John. To Show What an Indian Can Do: Sports at Native American Boarding Schools. Minneapolis, MN, USA, University of Minnesota Press, 2000. http://site. ebrary. com/lib/apus/Doc? id=10151303 2. Bobrick, Benson. Angel in the Whirlwind: The Triumph of the American Revolution. New York, NY, USA, Penguin Books, 1998. 3. Child, Brenda J. Boarding School Seasons; American Indian Families, 1900-1940. Lincoln, NE, USA: University of Nebraska Press, 1998. http://site. ebrary. com/lib/apus/Doc? id=10015709 4. Coleman, Michael C. American Indians, the Irish, and Government Schooling: A Comparative Study. Lincoln, NE, USA: University of Nebraska Press, 2007. http://www. netlibrary. com. ezproxy1. apus. edu/urlapi. asp? action=summaryv=1bookid=184858 5. Conn, Steven. History’s Shadow: Native Americans and Historical Consciousness in the Nineteenth Century. Chicago, Il, USA: University of Chicago Press, 2004. http://www. netlibrary. com. ezproxy1. apus. edu/urlapi. asp? action=summaryv=1bookid=262649 6. Findling, John E. and Frank W. Thackeray, eds. Events that Changed America through the Seventeenth Century. Westport, CT, USA: Greenwood Press, 2000. http://www. netlibrary. com. ezproxy1. apus. edu/urlapi. asp? action=summaryv=1bookid=77716 7. Garrison, Tim Alan. The Legal Ideology of Removal: The Southern Judiciary and the Sovereignty of Native American Nations. Athens, GA, USA: The University of Georgia Press, 2002. http://www. netlibrary. com. ezproxy1. apus. edu/urlapi. asp? action=summaryv=1bookid=103178 8. Hightower-Langston, Donna. Native American World. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley Sons, Inc. , 2003. http://netlibrary. com. ezproxy1. apus. edu/urlapi. asp? action=summaryv=1bookid=79081 9. Holm, Tom. The Great Confusion in Indian Affairs: Native Americans and Whites in the Progressive Era. Austin, TX, USA: The University of Texas Press, 2005. http://site. ebrary. com/lib/apus/Doc? id=1010671 10. Keller, Rosemary Skinner, Rosemary Radford Ruether and Marie Cantlon, eds. Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America. Bloomington, IN, USA: Indiana University Press, 2006. http://www. netlibrary. com. ezproxy1. apus. edu/urlapi. asp? action=summaryv=1bookid=171513 11. Landis, Barbara. â€Å"Carlisle Indian Industrial School History. † http://home. epix. net/~landis/histry. html 12. Ninkovich, Frank. Global dawn: the Cultural Foundation of American Internationalism, 1865-1890. Harvard University Press, 2009. http://site. ebrary. com/lib/apus/Doc? id=10402533 13. Prucha, Francis Paul, ed. Documents of United States Indian Policy. Lincoln, NE, USA: University of Nebraska Press, 2000. http://www. netlibrary. com. ezproxy1. apus. edu/urlapi. asp? action=summaryv=1bookid=53529 14. Trafzer, Clifford E. , Jean a. Keller and Lorene Sisquoc, eds. Boarding School Blues: Revisiting American Indian Educational Experiences. Lincoln, NE, USA: University of Nebraska Press, 2006. http;//www. netlibrary. com. ezproxy1. apus. edu/urlapi. asp? action=summaryv=1bookid=162267 15. Warren, Kim Cary. The Quest For Citizenship: African American and Native American Education in Kansas, 1880-1935. Chapel Hill, NC, The University of North Carolina Press, 2010. http://site. ebrary. com/lib/apus/Doc? id=10425421 How to cite Native American Cultural Assimilation, Papers

Public Policy Formulation and Implementation free essay sample

Gladys Moore Week 2 Assignment Public Policy Formation and Implementation-PA582 March 10, 2011 In the last two weeks the Dooly County School System is faced with uncertainty in planning for the 2011-2012 school year, along with other systems in the state of Georgia. The issue involves one of the latest proposals by Governor Nathan Deal of cutting Georgia Pre-K and Hope Scholarship programs. Governor Deal has proposed these major changes because both programs are paid for with proceeds from the Georgia Lottery, which is not bringing in revenues as it once has nor is it keeping up with the pace with the two programs expenses.The governor plans to scale back on the number of hours a Pre-K student attends school, from 6. 5 hours a day to 4 hours a day. Not only does this major change affect the families of working parents, the lives of teachers and paraprofessional will also be affected. Teacher’s and Paraprofessional’s salaries will drop 30 percent, for those who decide to remain working at the Pre-K level, and working parents will have to pay for additional child-care. We will write a custom essay sample on Public Policy Formulation and Implementation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In regards to the HOPE scholarship, the governor proposal is to cut scholarships for potentially 180,000 of Georgia’s 200,000 HOPE scholars to 90 percent of current tuition levels.However a move that has current and future students mulling their finances, and some feeling short changed. If the cuts are passed, a HOPE recipient would be responsible for to pay hundreds of dollars to cover tuition as well as mandatory fees which are presently being paid by the HOPE scholarship. For example, a HOPE scholar at the University of Georgia would have to pay $353. 00 out-of-pocket to cover a semester’s tuition based on today’s rates. Additionally, that same student would have to pay more than $400. 0 in mandatory fees per semester for services such as transportation, health care and student activities. It doesn’t stop here, tuition and fees next academic year could increase, which would increase even further what students would be required to pay. Governor’s Deal proposal to make such major changes has played a significant role into making such issues a great topic in Georgia because if both proposals are passed many lives will be affected. Since Deal’s proposal he has had some push back from lawmakers, advocacy groups and local school superintendents.Local superintendents are concerned about how possible changes to the lottery-funded education programs will affect their students. According to Crisp Superintendent Jay Brinson, â€Å"There are 300 kids in Pre-K in their county if cuts are made parents will have to find private daycare for the remainder of the day, and there just aren’t as many daycare facilities as there used to be. † Georgia Pre-K cutting retention rates, study shows Georgia lottery-funded pre-k program is paying off, with fewer students being retain in a grade, fewer students dropping out of school and landing up in special education classes. According to the nonprofit Southern Education Foundation, Inc. on average, 10,000 fewer students are having to repeat the same grade each year. The report also estimates the net savings at $35. 6 million in 2010 and an additional $212. 9 million over the next six calendar years. According to Governor Nathan Deal State to State Address on January 12, 2011 he stated, â€Å"My budgets reflect my commitment to preserving the HOPE Program. Since its creation, it has served over 1. 2 million students and provided benefits totaling more than 5 billion dollars.It has also established the first state universal program for Pre-Kindergarten that has served over 1 million children. Over the past several years, HOPE pays out more than the lottery brings in. In FY 2010, over $150 million of reserve funds were spent. In FY 2011, it is estimated that over $300 million of reserves will be needed and for FY 2012, over $400 million of reserve funds will be needed. If this pattern is not preserved by FY 2013 all of the reserves will have been expended and HOPE cannot meet its obligations. If we are to save HOPE we must make programmatic changes during this legislative session. I am ready and your leadership has indicated they are ready to make those changes. My 2012 budget does not authorize HOPE expenditures beyond what the lottery produces; therefore, we must act now to maintain the Georgia jewel known as HOPE. Therefore, I feel that his proposal to make such changes are related to the United States economic as well as the political system because in 1968   under the patronage of Waldo, some young scholars gathered to critique American public   administration for ignoring values and social   equity and accepting too readily the status quo.This movement was known as the New Public Administration. Governor Deal’s position as a public administration involves activity that is related with politics and policy making. Therefore, his Political approach was used to make such issues a hot topic which involved various agencies and stakeholders within the surrounding communities in Georgia such as parents, students, superintendents, teachers, advocacy groups and providers. Collaboration among the governor and stakeholders are essential in order to discuss the various options that surround the issues.

Righard Wright Essay Example For Students

Righard Wright Essay I believe Richard Wrights story, Native Son, is an effective narrative. Richard Wright believes in the immorality of oppression. He seems to beieve in the equality of men ant the value of demonstrating it in everyday actions. He used his book as a tool to vent his frustration, at the world that segregates negroes. His characters, themes and conflicts probably originate from his own experience of separatism. By using such a wide range of characters, he gives the readers who are not blacks esxperience. The main character of Native son, Bigger Thomas shows various aspects of human nature including actions motivated by fear quick temper, and a high degree of intelligence. Bigger whom the story revolves around portrays various personality elements through his actions. Many of his action suggest an overriding response to fear. Bigger commits a murder not in rage or anger, but as a reaction to fear. Fear from being caught in the act of doing something socially unacceptable and being the subject of punishment. Although he later admits to Max, that Mary Daltons behavior toward him made him hate her. Mary Dalton wanted to treat others as equals, but her action make Bigger uncomfortable and he grows to resent her for her actions. It is not that hate which cause him to smother her to death, but a feeble attempt to evadethe detection of her mother. The fear of being caught with a white woman overwhelmed his common sense and dictated his action. Besides reactions to fear, his actions demonstra te an extremely quick temper and destructive impulse as an integral part of his nature. When the detective comes to ask bigger some questons, he plays stupid, and tells the man exactly what he want to hear. He also creates a ransom note to extort Marys parents for money. To make the note even more convincing to dissuade blame from himself, Bigger signs the note with the communist symbol. Bibliography:I believe Richard Wrights story, Native Son, is an effective narrative. Richard Wright believes in the immorality of oppression. He seems to beieve in the equality of men ant the value of demonstrating it in everyday actions. He used his book as a tool to vent his frustration, at the world that segregates negroes. His characters, themes and conflicts probably originate from his own experience of separatism. By using such a wide range of characters, he gives the readers who are not blacks esxperience. The main character of Native son, Bigger Thomas shows various aspects of human nature including actions motivated by fear quick temper, and a high degree of intelligence. Bigger whom the story revolves around portrays various personality elements through his actions. Many of his action suggest an overriding response to fear. Bigger commits a murder not in rage or anger, but as a reaction to fear. Fear from being caught in the act of doing something socially unacceptable and being the subject of punishment. Although he later admits to Max, that Mary Daltons behavior toward him made him hate her. Mary Dalton wanted to treat others as equals, but her action make Bigger uncomfortable and he grows to resent her for her actions. It is not that hate which cause him to smother her to death, but a feeble attempt to evadethe detection of her mother. The fear of being caught with a white woman overwhelmed his common sense and dictated his action. Besides reactions to fear, his actions demonstra te an extremely quick temper and destructive impulse as an integral part of his nature. When the detective comes to ask bigger some questons, he plays stupid, and tells the man exactly what he want to hear. He also creates a ransom note to extort Marys parents for money. To make the note even more convincing to dissuade blame from himself, Bigger signs the note with the communist symbol.